EMDR is a trauma treatment that encourages the client to briefly focus on an aspect of the trauma memory, such as a brief image and feeling while simultaneously experiencing bilateral stimulation (typically eye movements), which is associated with a reduction in the vividness and emotion associated with the trauma memories

DBT is a structured treatment that teaches four sets of skills, namely, mindfulness, emotion regulation skills, interpersonal effectiveness skills and distress tolerance skills.

Schema therapy is based on the concept of "schemas," or deeply ingrained patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviour that develop during childhood and impact an individual's beliefs about themselves and the world. Through a collaborative and empathetic therapeutic relationship, schema therapy aims to identify and address maladaptive schemas, and to help individuals develop healthier coping strategies and more adaptive ways of relating to themselves and others. This approach is particularly useful for individuals with entrenched, long-standing emotional and interpersonal difficulties.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a evidence-based approach that focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors. CBT aims to help individuals understand how their thoughts influence their feelings and actions. By addressing and modifying maladaptive thinking and behavioral patterns, CBT empowers clients to develop effective coping strategies and problem-solving skills. Through structured sessions and homework assignments, clients learn to challenge cognitive distortions, manage stress, and improve their overall mental well-being.

Narrative therapy focuses on the stories we tell about our lives and how they affect us. Therapists help people explore and reshape these narratives to gain insight and promote personal growth

Motivational interviewing is a collaborative, person-centered approach that helps clients navigate change. It uses open-ended questions and active listening to explore intrinsic motivation and emphasizes empathy, autonomy, and strengths to empower clients for lasting change.

Mindfulness is a mental practice using techniques like meditation and deep breathing to bring attention to the present moment. It aims to reduce stress and enhance well-being, with potential benefits for managing anxiety, depression, and chronic pain.